Stockouts

Published on :

21 Aug, 2024

Blog Author :

Edited by :

Reviewed by :

Stockouts, or out-of-stock (OOS), refers to a temporary specific product inventory depletion disabling a business from fulfilling customer orders, disrupting sales, losing out customers, and harming the brand reputation. It highlights gaps in supply chain management, inaccurate sales forecasts, ineffective inventory management, and supplier issues.

It happens due to high customer demand and limited product availability. It leads to missed sales opportunities, customer trust erosion, revenue loss, and enhanced costs due to expedited shipping or rush orders. Businesses can prevent it through robust demand estimations, strategic supplier relationships, and inventory optimization.

Stockouts Meaning

Stockouts definition refers to temporary inventory shortages causing sales disruption, customer loss, and brand damage due to supply chain issues and inaccurate forecasts.
It arises from various factors like demand estimation errors, supply chain disruptions, lead time issues, inventory mismanagement, seasonal fluctuations, and ineffective supply chain and inventory management.
It leads to revenue loss, customer discontent, missed growth chances, escalated expenses due to rushed orders, and disruption of the entire supply chain.
Its prevention involves precise forecasting, monitoring inventory levels, employing robust management systems, conducting frequent audits, nurturing supplier relationships, and reducing shortages.

Stockouts Explained

Stockouts mean a business runs out of stock of a particular product without getting replenished immediately, making customer orders unfulfilled. Under this situation, a particular kind of goods becomes unavailable for sale to customers for some time, making them dissatisfied and unhappy with the brand. Usually, it implies a zero percent conversion rate, leading to revenue loss and possible customer defection. These temporary stock absences have significant financial vulnerabilities for retailers across all sectors.

It generally happens when the demand for a particular product exceeds that of the supply. It needs more products to fulfill the customers' demands. Hence, sales get disrupted and frustrate customers. It occurs due to many factors like wrong demand forecasting, unexpected surges in demand, and ineffective inventory management, among many others, as discussed in the next section.

However, inventory stockouts have enormous implications for a business's sales loss, brand image tarnishing, diminishing customer loyalty, dissatisfied customers, and revenue loss. Therefore, it becomes essential for businesses to understand the causes, effects, and methods to prevent stockouts so as to minimize their adverse effects on businesses and revenue for the long and short term.

These are costly retail obstacles affecting the company's overall financial health. It impacts the bottom line of a company since it increases costs and reduces sales. Moreover, all these factors impact competitive advantage and lead to lost opportunities for retailers.

Causes

Stockouts can be caused by a number of circumstances, including:

Overestimating or underestimating client demand forms an example of inaccurate demand forecasting.
Supplier delays or shortages.
It prolongs lead times for placing orders and getting stuck.
Errors occurring during the processes of placing, monitoring, or maintaining stock by individuals can contribute to out-of-stock.
Higher demand than supply during high points in the year can also lead to out-of-stock.
Wrong demand forecasting causes understocking or overstocking due to mismatched inventory levels and purchase decisions.
An unexpected surge in demand can result in a demand shock, which might lead to price increases, shortages, and even unhappy customers.
Ineffective inventory management leads to ineffective management of stock levels, which can affect profitability by causing overstocking, understocking, or obsolescence.
Only accurate inventory counts provide accurate estimates of the amount of stock that is available, leading to stockouts or surplus inventory, which affects sales and operational effectiveness.
Inadequate supply chain management impedes the timely manufacture, delivery, and fulfillment of goods, which influences customer satisfaction and operating expenses.

Effects

It has a severe and long-lasting effect on businesses and individual traders alike. These effects are mentioned below:

It causes lost sales opportunities, which have an immediate negative effect on the earnings and profitability of a company.
Customers get unsatisfied when purchases aren't met because of stockouts, which might damage a brand's loyalty and reputation.
It causes companies to miss opportunities to develop and gain market share by allowing them not to meet customer demand.
Because of hurried orders, faster shipment, and possible fines for breaching service level agreements or contracts, managing it might result in higher operating expenses.
It has an influence on the overall effectiveness of operations by disrupting manufacturing, distribution, and fulfillment along the whole supply chain.

Examples

Let us understand the topic using a few examples.

Example #1

An article on PYMNTS explores how online purchasing is impacted by material shortages and shipment delays, resulting in historically high out-of-stock (OOS) positions and disgruntled customers in 2021. It was the era when online shoppers witnessed 32% more out-of-stock warnings, with the industries with the most significant percentages being clothes, sporting goods, baby items, and electronics, according to the Adobe Digital Economy Index. Inventory stockouts cost merchants up to $4.6 billion in missing Black Friday sales, according to a PYMNTS analysis, as 38% of customers were unable to buy the products on their lists because of OOS.

The long-term effects of stockouts on brands were also discussed in the article, including decreased future sales and lost repeat business. According to CommerceIQ, keeping a high in-stock rate is essential for firms to be successful in online retail. Furthermore, based on MarketingMind's estimations, the article also stated how a brand may lose 12,500 items due to a 10% OOS rate across 50 storefronts or eCommerce sites, becoming a major cause of turning less loyal to the brand.

Example #2

Suppose Sarah was a fitness fanatic who lived in the fast-paced world of online retail. She was looking forward to the debut of EcoFit, a line of sustainable sportswear from the made-up company VitalWear. But on the day of the planned release, she went to the well-known online retailer GlobalFitMart, only to get the dreaded out of stock notice. Sarah became irate and took to social media to express her dismay, which spread negativity.

VitalWear, a company renowned for its environmental consciousness, saw a significant decline in prospective sales and customer loyalty. In addition to having an immediate negative effect on sales, EcoFit's stockout also put future consumer confidence and market relevance in jeopardy—a sobering truth in the cutthroat world of e-commerce.

How To Prevent?

For a business to win over rivalry, satisfy customers, and increase customer base and revenue, stockouts must be prevented by following the below methods:

Accurately predict demand by using market trends and past sales data to avoid having too much or too little inventory.
Analyze and adjust inventory levels often in response to changes in demand to maintain a sufficient supply level without going overboard.
Put in place reliable inventory management tools to monitor stock levels in real-time and support proactive stock replenishment.
Perform regular cycle counts and audits to verify inventory correctness and quickly spot inconsistencies.
Build trusting relationships with suppliers and keep lines of communication open in order to foresee and resolve possible interruptions in the supply chain.
Execute precise demand forecasts, retain real-time insights, optimize inventory levels, carry out routine audits, and cultivate a strong rapport with suppliers.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the different types of stockouts?

Stockouts can manifest in various forms, including anticipatory stockouts resulting from inaccurate demand forecasting, pipeline stockouts caused by disruptions in the supply chain, and cycle stockouts stemming from inadequate inventory management. Each type poses unique challenges, emphasizing the need for businesses to implement comprehensive strategies to mitigate the impact of stockouts on operations and customer satisfaction.

2. What is the formula for stockout?

The formula for stockout is typically represented as the ratio of the number of stockouts to the total number of opportunities for a stockout. It can be expressed as:

This formula helps measure the frequency or likelihood of stockouts in a given period, providing insights into the effectiveness of inventory management.

3. What is EOQ with stockout cost?

EOQ with stockout cost, or Economic Order Quantity with stockout cost, is a calculation that identifies the optimal order quantity for minimizing total inventory costs. It factors in the costs associated with stockouts, such as lost sales and potential damage to customer relationships. By considering both ordering and stockout costs, EOQ helps businesses strike a balance to enhance inventory management efficiency.