Risk-Reward Ratio

The risk reward ratio refers to the chances of investors to reap profits on every dollar of investment they make. It is used by the investors during the trading for knowing their potential loss with respect to the potential profit out of the trade and hence used by the traders for effectively managing their risk and capital during the trading process.

The risk-reward ratio helps businesses assess the possible risk associated with every dollar of the investment and accordingly take measures to control it to the utmost possible extent. For example, tf the risk-reward ratio is 1:4, then it implies that the investor is ready to risk $1 for a potential gain of $4.

• The risk-reward ratio is a measure used in investment and trading to assess the potential return on the amount of risk taken.
• It compares an investment or trade's expected or potential profit (reward) to its possible loss (risk).
• A higher risk-reward ratio indicates a greater potential reward relative to the risk, while a lower ratio suggests a lower likely premium than the risk.
• The risk-reward ratio is essential for investors and traders to evaluate and compare different investment opportunities or trading strategies.

The risk-reward ratio provides the measurement of the expected rewards which the investor is going to generate with the given level of the potential risk. This ratio is very helpful for investors while making decisions with respect to their trading investment. So, the investment will be made by the investor according to his own capacity on the basis of this ratio.

The risk-reward ratio in the trading is determined by dividing the expected rewards involved in trading by the potential risk. So, the two factors are important for the determination of this ratio, i.e., risk and the rewards where risk refers to the potential of loss of the money invested by the investors from the trading and the Reward refers to the Reward expected by the investor for undertaking the risk potential of loss of the money invested.

These factors are judged or estimated by the investor himself, as they will depend on the risk tolerance capacity of the investor. If the ratio calculated is greater than 1, then it indicates that the risk of the transaction is greater than the expected rewards, and if the ratio calculated is less than 1, then it indicates that the risk of the transaction is less than the expected rewards.

In order to calculate the risk-reward ratio, the investor firstly has to determine the risk involved in the transaction. After determining the risk, it needs to determine the expected rewards which it will be getting after undertaking the involved potential risk of loss of the money invested by him. Lastly, after determining the potential risk and expected rewards, the risk-reward ratio will be calculated by dividing the potential risk by the expected rewards in trading. The formula is:

• The ratio is considered by the investors while they are trading in the stock as it helps them in assessing their expected return along with the risk associated with such a transaction. The ratio varies from one strategy to another, i.e., this ratio does not remain the same and differs as per the strategy adopted by the person.
• So, in order to calculate the risk-reward ratio, expected return, and the risk associated with the same is to be judged by the trader himself. Risk is known mainly on the basis of the stop-loss order, i.e., risk will be calculated by calculating the difference between the stop-loss order value and the value at which trade is entered by the investor, and the expected return is calculated by calculating the difference between the stop-loss order value and the profit target of the trader.

Let us consider the following instances to understand how this risk-reward ratio in options trading work:

Example 1

Here is a hypothetical scenario:

1. An investor, John, after conducting the research of the market and analyzing the stocks of the various companies, expects that the price of the stock of the company AB will go to $ 200 per share from its current price of $ 180 per share and after reaching the point of $ 200 per share, the investor would sell the shares.
2. Along with this, he expects that if the share price goes downwards beyond $ 170 per share, then there are chances of huge potential loss, so he thinks of limiting his risk up-to $ 170 per share only by placing the stop loss on the order of $ 170 per share. Calculate the expected Reward per share, potential risk per share, and the risk-reward ratio of investing in the share of company AB.

Answer

In the present case, it is given that the current price at which the stock will be executed is $180 per share, and thus it is the entry point price of the trade. John expects that the prices of the stock will go up to $ 200 per share, and at that point, he will sell the shares. So, the expected Reward of the deal is:

Expected Reward = Expected Price Target of the Stock – Entry Point Price of the Stock

• Expected reward = $ 200 per share - is $ 180 per share
• Expected reward = $ 20 per share

Also, the investor decides to place the stop loss to the order of $ 170 per share. So, the potential risk of the trading will be the difference between the entry price per share and the stop-loss order value of the stock.

Potential Risk = Entry Point Price of the Stock – Stop-Loss Order Value of the Stock

• Potential Risk = $ 180 per share - $ 170 per share.
• Potential Risk = $ 10 per share

Finally, the risk-reward ratio from the investment per share will be calculated by dividing the expected rewards by the potential risk in trading using the below formula:

Risk-Reward Ratio = Potential Risk in Trading/Expected Rewards

• = $ 10 per share/$ 20 per share
• = 1:2

Thus the risk-reward ratio of the expected investment is 1 in 2. Since the ratio is less than 1, it indicates that with the given risk, investment has the potential of giving a double return.

Example 2

Aviva, according to report, revealed how managing risks properly can help control the risk-reward ratio. Its risk insights report stated that 29% of businesses connect with insurance companies or brokers who could help them with risk assessment and risk mitigation.

Being its second year of publishing the risk insights report, Aviva found higher prospects of connecting with customers and helping or advising them on risk mitigation as preventing risk by putting in place appropriate measures would automatically let businesses control risk-reward ratio.

The risk-reward ratio helps the trader in managing the potential risk of loss of the money invested by him.

It provides an idea to the investor than what is the expected return it could generate with the given level of risk, and accordingly, the decision can be taken. Thus, it will help the investor in making the decision according to his risk-taking capacity.

This has been a guide to Risk-Reward Ratio and its meaning. Here, we explain the concept along with its formula, examples, and importance. You can learn more about from the following articles –

• Risk Ratio
• Price Target
• Risk Reversal Definition
• Political Risk
• Modified Dietz