Living Wage

The Living Wage is the money that a worker must earn to meet their basic needs by society's standards. The living wage is not the same as a minimum wage which is the lowest income that the law guarantees to lead a life out of poverty.

The living wage varies by the GDP of the economy a person lives in, the general income level, and the opinions of others in that same economy. It is always relative to a specific economy and does not follow any strict standards globally.

• The living wage is a measure of the income required by a worker to have adequate living standards in a society.
• It is always specific to a particular economy and time. It is a wage relative to the other wages present in that economy.
• The wage is calculated by listing all things people should afford in an area and time not to be considered poor and dividing it by the average working hours.
• The calculation always arrives at something higher than minimum wage. It usually ends at about 60 to 70% of the average wage in that country or economy.

The living wage ensures that a person can enjoy decent living standards in society. The general rule of this wage is that it is a human right that can help the worker afford basic housing, food, education, healthcare, education, childcare, and even savings.

The idea of providing a desirable wage is a voluntary exercise. Employers who want to be reasonable pledge to pay a fair remuneration to their employees in a particular economy. There is no enforcement mechanism other than just the publicity surrounding the pledge.

An employer needs to earn the goodwill of their prospective customers and employees. Therefore, allocating a good wage for their workers is a way for the employer to enrich their positive reputation.

One can explore this idea with Adam Smith's linen shirt example. In 1776, he pointed out that not affording a linen shirt does not make one poor. However, if they live in a society where the inability to afford a linen shirt implies poverty, they are poor. Hence, this wage helps a person afford things in a society, which will make them poor if they can't.

It could be an idea like children should have at least two pairs of shoes, a couple should be able to afford to eat out or get drinks once a month, etc.

Calculating the living wage is easy enough after sitting the things one needs to afford in a society. Divide the amount necessary to buy those things by the average working hours in a week. The amount per hour is the personal income that helps a person afford those things.

Calculating the living wage can become a little more complicated when one includes taxes and benefits. However, the calculation does consider the payments that will come from the benefits system. These are not related to varying incomes. So, if there's a flat allowance per child (e.g., UK child benefit), that part of the income is considered. But if it's payment dependent upon a low income alone (say, the EITC in the US), it is not considered.

The net amount after all the calculations is the final required wage. However, it is important to note that the wage measures relative and not absolute poverty. This is why the definition differs across societies of different average income levels.

The living wage unit calculates the National Living Wage in the US at MIT. Currently, this is $16.54 per hour as of 2019. MIT also calculates wages for different states and county areas based on housing prices in different areas. In contrast to the Federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour and the varied state and local minimum wages across the country(for example, $12 in California, $12 in the Seattle/King County area).

The government decided to bring in a new and higher version of the regular minimum income called the "National Living Wage" in the UK. So, the older concept of the living wage has now become the "Real Living Wage."

The Real Living Wage rate is £9.50 an hour in the UK and £10.85 an hour in London, where property prices, rents, and other costs are rather higher. The Living Wage Foundation calculates this on an annual basis.

The government's version of the National Living Wage is £8.72 an hour for those over 25 years of age and lower rates for younger people, apprentices, etc.

In New Zealand, the National Living Wage is $22.75 per hour from 1 September 2021, set by Aotearoa New Zealand. It contrasts to the minimum wage set by the government (legal) of $18.90 per hour.

These are the private sector estimations of what people think the required wages should be. Further, if they're working full time, they should not be poor, and from that, we can calculate back to the wage they should be earning for each hour of work.

This has been a guide to Living Wage and its definition. Here we discuss how it is calculated along with the national living wages of the US, UK, and New Zealand. You can learn more from the following articles –

• Living Wage vs Minimum Wage
• Indexation
• Nordic Model