General Ledger vs Trial Balance

Publication Date :

21 May, 2019

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Table Of Contents

Difference Between General Ledger and Trial Balance

The primary difference between the general ledger and trial balance is that the general ledger prepared by the company is the set of the different master accounts in which the complex transactions of the business are present, having all the accounts. In contrast, the company's trial balance has only the ending balance present in those accounts of the company.

Preparation of the general ledger and trial balance are two primary actions in the accounting cycle. The critical difference is that a general ledger is a set of accounts containing complex transactions. At the same time, the trial balance is a statement that records the general ledger ending balances.

A general ledger is a company's principal set of accounts and primary accounting records. The ledger provides a complete record of accounting transactions conducted within a financial year. The general information in general ledgers is collected from journals, the primary book of accounts. It includes debit and credit entries of transactions. It is generally separated different asset class like owners’ equity, assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. All the amounts related to the respective business are posted in the journal. The ledger may be prepared for any time frame as and when required by the Organization, be it a Fiscal year or Calendar year.
A trial balance is a statement that shows the total balance amounts of all the ledger accounts for the specific period, i.e., for a month, quarter, semi-annually, or annually. In other words, taking ledger balance and presenting them in a single worksheet on a particular date is Trial Balance. It gives a quick overview of the balances of different heads of accounts.

Difference Between General Ledger and Trial Balance

General Ledger vs. Trial Balance Infographics

Example of General Ledger

Example of Trial Balance

Suppose we have the following information on XYZ Ltd.

Solution: We need to put respective balances in a suitable debit or credit head.

Flow chart showing the different financial transactions in an organization and steps where general ledger and Trial balance come into the picture:

Key Differences

The key differences are as follows –

Amount & nature of information: The general ledger contains all an organization's accounts with its transactions. It is a database of information. Whereas the trial balance only provides the ending balance of each of those accounts. It’s a derivation of a ledger.
Level of Summary: The general ledger may have a hundred pages as per the volume of transactions. In contrast, the trial balance has only a few pages with an ending balance of the general ledger.
Usage: For accountants, the general ledger is the primary source of information while examining books of accounts. On the other hand, the trial balance is used to measure the mathematical accuracy of all debits and credits, as the totals of both should be equal to verify that the books are in balance. At the end of the audit of the organization, the auditors have final balances for all accounts available in trial balance so that they can do their job more efficiently. They use the general ledger to trace balances back to individual transactions of each head.
Account classification: Posting in the general ledger is done according to the class of accounts, but there is no such classification of accounts in the trial balance.
Time Period: General Ledger records transactions during the accounting year of the organization for any period, whereas the trial balance is generally prepared on the final day of the accounting year.
For investor use: Trial Balance is widely used by an investor for a study if they want to put money in company shares. General Ledger is not available for such use.

General Ledger vs. Trial Balance Comparative Table

Basis	General Ledger	Trial Balance
Meaning	A general ledger is defined as a book of accounts.	A trial balance is a listing of the accounts and balances of each of the accounts in the general ledger.
Content	An organization's General Ledger is the record containing all its assets, revenue, liability, expense, gain, and loss accounts with the amount in respective accounts.	It is an internal report which summarizes accounts with debit balances and accounts with credit balances and proves that the total of the debit balances is equal to the credit balances.
Purpose	They are prepared for classifying different accounts like assets, liabilities, etc.	It is prepared to check the arithmetic accuracy of the total debit and credit balance derived from General Ledger.
Classification of types along with examples	There are broadly seven classifications of the general ledger. Assets like Cash, Accounts Receivable, Land, Equipment, etc. Liabilities like Loans Payable, Accounts Payable, etc. Stockholders' equity Operating revenues like Sales, Service Fees, etc.; Operating expenses like Salary Expense, Rent Expense, etc. Non-operating revenues and gains like Investment Income, etc.; Non-operating expenses and losses like Interest Expense, etc.;	There are three types of trial balances: • The unadjusted trial balance, • The adjusted trial balance and, • The post-closing trial balance

Although both are important accounting cycle, there are many differences between them. They both have their respective importance and timing in the business cycle. In brief, a general ledger is an account-wise summary of all monetary transactions. In contrast, a trial balance is the debit and credit balance of such ledger accounts.

Conclusion

It is essential to understand the difference between the general ledger and trial balance accurately since both represent crucial steps in preparing year-end financial statements like Balance sheets.

We can conclude that Trial Balance is the heart of any business. It is a summary of the business activities that occurred in an accounting period wherein the business activities are shown through different ledgers.