CPA vs Bar Exam

Both CPA and Bar exams are licensure exams that qualify professionals to practice their respective professions, namely, accounting and law. The primary difference between CPA vs bar exam is that while passing the CPA exam fulfills the licensing requirement for an accountant, clearing the bar exam grants a lawyer admission to the state bar.

While the CPA license is optional to pursue an accounting career, the law license is mandatory to practice law. Both CPA and Bar exams differ on many accounts. The significant ones being content, exam structure, testing schedules, exam timing, pass rates, and difficulty level.

Both the CPA exam and bar exam are very challenging. Qualifying these exams gives you a stable, distinguished, and long-lasting career. Both exams have an extensive syllabus and require countless hours of dedicated studying. The following table outlines their significant differences.

The Uniform CPA Exam is a computerized set of tests designed to assess a candidate’s competency to practice the accounting profession. The American Institute for Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) coordinates with the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) and the 55 U.S. state boards of accountancy to conduct this exam and issue the license.

Eligibility

Eligibility requirements vary as per your chosen state board of accountancy (BOA). The basic requirements common to most stare boards are as follows:

• Minimum 120 to 150 credit hours of education or a bachelor’s degree 
• Education from an accredited and recognized institution
• Minimum 24 credit hours in accounting and business-related course works

Fees

To sit for the CPA Examination, you need to pay the required application and examination fees to your BOA, its designated agent, or NASBA. Again, the fees may vary as per your jurisdiction. The following are the approximate fees charged:

• Application fees - $150
• Examination fees (per section) -$224
• Re-examination registration fees - $75

CPA Exam structure & format

The exam consists of four sections. The total exam time is 16 hours (four hours for each section). Each exam section consists of five testlets. These include multiple-choice question (MCQ), task-based simulation (TBS) and written communication (WC) testlets. The following table outlines the number of testlets and questions asked in each exam section.

Testing process & scoring

AICPA follows a multi-stage testing structure for MCQ testlets. Here, your assessment progresses based on your performance. You must score at least 75 on a scale of 0 to 99 in each section to pass. Each question is scored based on the difficulty of that particular question.

Exam schedule

NASBA's continuous testing model allows you to take the exams throughout the year. However, you must pass all four CPA exam sections within 18 months of passing the first exam section. Also, once this 18-month window expires, you will have to retake the sections already passed. AICPA usually announces the score release dates in December and June every year.

Advantages of CPA exam vs Bar exam

It is possible to schedule and take the CPA exam any time of the year at your convenience. In addition, unlike bar exams, where you have to take all exams within two consecutive days, you can appear for one section at a time for CPA exams. Also, in case you fail, you can retake a section exam soon after.

Moreover, CPA exams require only 120-150 credit hours of education and some accounting experience and coursework as opposed to the bar exam requirement of four years of undergraduate study and three years of law school. Finally, the CPA exam does not vary per the jurisdiction, while the bar exam does, as most jurisdictions contain a state-specific exam component.

A bar exam is a state bar administered set of tests that a lawyer must pass to be eligible for admission to that state bar. Lawyers are granted a law license only after passing the bar exam and fulfilling other requirements. In addition, bar exams are designed to test lawyers' expertise in discharging their legal duties.

Types of bar exams

Uniform Bar Examination (UBE) - The UBE is a standardized examination for lawyers designed and coordinated by the National Conference of Bar Examiners (NCBE). Only 40 out of 55 U.S. jurisdictions have adopted the UBE. Most state bars use NCBE test components along with their jurisdiction drafted exam.

State bar examination - To be a licensed attorney in non-UBE adopted jurisdictions, you need to take the state bar exam of that jurisdiction. 

Eligibility

To be eligible to take the bar exam, you should have a Juris Doctor (JD) or Bachelor of Legislative Law (LLB) degree from an American Bar Association (ABA)-approved law school. However, this requirement may vary as per your jurisdiction.

Fees

The exam fees may vary as per your jurisdiction. Therefore, to know the exact figure charged as per your jurisdiction, check the ABA website. The following are the approximate fees charged:

• Non-attorneys (first-time takers) - $250-$1500
• Attorneys - $250-$3000

Exam structure and format

The UBE exam consist of three tests:

• Multistate performance test (MPT)
• Multistate essay examination (MEE)
• Multistate bar examination (MBE)

The following table presents the number and types of questions asked in each of the three tests.

Scoring

The jurisdictions or state bars grade and score the exam.  The minimum passing score varies as per your jurisdiction. It is usually in the range of 260-280. Most importantly, the scores are portable and can be transferred to other UBE jurisdictions for seeking admission. However, there is a stipulated time limit for transferring the scores after earning them.

Schedule

The UBE is conducted only twice a year on the last Tuesday and Wednesday of February and July. So, if you fail on the first attempt, you have to wait for six months to retake it.

Advantages of Bar exam vs CPA exam

Bar exams are more subjective with two written exam sections. CPA exams are more objective with greater emphasis on computing skills.

Most state bars do not place a limit on the number of attempts to pass the bar exam. Some states offer 2-6 retake attempts, following which you have to take special permission.

With CPA exams, you have to pass all the four exam sections within 18 months of passing the first section, or lose credit on the passed sections.

This has been a guide to CPA vs Bar Exam. Here we discuss the difference between CPA and Bar Exam. We also discuss the advantages of both the exams and also the requirements for both. You may also have a look at the following articles –

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